The tragic heros downfall, said Aristotle, was brought upon by some error of judgement. Joseph P. Strelka, 1976); Karin Barnaby and Pellegrino DAcerino, eds., C. G. Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture (1990); Martin Bickman, The Unsounded Centre: Jungian Studies in American Romanticism (1980); Maud Bodkin, Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: Psychological Studies in Imagination (1934); Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (1957); Albert Gelpi, The Tenth Muse: The Psyche of the American Poet (1975); Naomi Goldenberg, Archetypal Theory after Jung, Spring (1975); Julia Kristeva, Stabat Mater (1977, The Kristeva Reader, ed. Confirmation of this theory was Jungs reading of Faust: part 1 was psychological; part 2, visionary.. In Shakespeare?s play Othello, Othello himself is the tragic hero. (2023). Archetypal critics are also interested in certain myths and rituals that recur in a wide variety of cultures. The patterns are the major intrinsic aspects of a work. The romantic climax comes in the trial scene of act 1, in which Othello success-fully defends himself before the Venetian senate against Brabantios charge that Othello has beguiled his daughter, stoln from me, and corrupted / By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks. Calmly and courteously Othello recounts how, despite the differences of age, race, and background, he won Desdemonas heart by recounting the stories of his exotic life and adventures: She loved me for the dangers I had passed, / And I loved her that she did pity them. Wonder at Othellos heroic adventures and compassion for her sympathy have brought the two opposites togetherthe young, inexperienced Venetian woman and the brave, experienced outsider. Archetypal Literary Criticism. Tis done at your request; but let her live. No products in the cart. PDF Archetypal/Mythological Criticism And let the labouring barque climb hills of seas Othello is the most painfully exciting and the most terrible. We'll take a look right away. Othello accused her of being unfaithful, when she never was. (V.2.320-322) Giving up is hardly Othello's style, but this is how a noble and true man should react when he has mistakenly killed his wife. Many fell prey to Jungs idiosyncrasies as a reader, ranging widely and naively over genres, periods, and languages in search of the universal archetypes, while sweeping aside cultureand text-specific problems, ignoring their own role in the act of reading and basing critical evaluation solely on a texts contribution to the advancement of the readers individuation process, a kind of literature-astherapy standard. Jungs Psychology of the Unconscious (1916, B. M. Hinkles translation of the 1911-12 Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido) appeared in English one year after publication of the concluding volume with bibliography of the third edition of J. G. Frazers The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (2 vols., 1890,3d ed., 12 vols., 1911-15). As Iago asserts to Roderigo, Virtue? Othello - Study Guide and Literary Analysis As he attempts to carry out his execution of Desdemona, she for the first time realizes his charges against her and his utter delusion. 3. Marxist criticism would also have offered a distinctive way of looking at Othello. He is the general of the Venetian army and a well respected man by the towns noble men. In Shakespeare's Othello, Iago is one of the most compelling villains in English literature. Archetypal Theory - Literary Criticism What bloody business ever. In Othello, the plot meets the definition of both Aristotle and Shakespeare on a tragedy. Toril Moi, trans. "Now will I question assio of ianca, As he shall smile, Othello shall go mad; . To date, the British Journal of Analytical Psychology and the retitled American Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture are the best resources for archetypal criticism of literature and the arts even though only a small percentage of their published articles treat such topics. Source: Groden, Michael, and Martin Kreiswirth. Summary and Analysis Act IV: Scene 2 - CliffsNotes While the beautiful. It has been mentioned earlier that pattern in literature refers to recurrent images, forms and words. Northrop Frye, however, further developed this theory in his book Anatomy of Criticism and later in his essay 'The Archetypes in Literature . No single motive is relied on for long, and the gap between cause and effect, between the pettiness of Iagos grudges and the monstrousness of his behavior, prompted Samuel Taylor Coleridge in a memorable phrase to characterize Iagos motiveless malignity. There is in Iago a zest for villainy and a delight in destruction, driven more by his hatred and contempt for any who oppose his conception of jungle law than by a conventional naturalistic explanation based on jealousy or envy. On a general level, Jungs and Fryes theorizings about archetypes, however labeled, overlap, and boundaries are elusive, but in the disciplines of literature the two schools have largely ignored each others work. archetypal criticism in othello boone county wv obituaries Desdemona is oblivious to what is going on around her and stays loyal to her morals but Iagos rumours lure Othello to thinking otherwise. Where a malignant and a turband Turk Othello assumes that Emilia is helping Desdemona in her infidelity. The key to extremely detrimental jealousy lies within one's ability to recognize it or deny it. Othello is first shown as a hero of war and a man of, The extent of which Othello is a tragic hero has been open to much debate; the basis on which he is judged falls to Aristotles established view of the crucial elements that distinguish whether a person is truly tragic. Othello Literary Criticism - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com Rashness: The play is replete with rash decisions. The dynamic of Othellos character significantly changes throughout the play. These patterns and themes, often referred to as archetypes, are believed to be present in the collective unconscious of all human beings . And smote himthus. If it were now to die Another important influence was Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) who used the term archetype to what he called "primordial images". From the theorists, dissertations, articles, and books, often traditionally academic in orientation, appeared; the productions of the practitioners are chronicled and critiqued in van Meurss bibliography. After Othello learns of a possible affair between Cassio and Desdemona, at this instance is the turning point in Othellos fortune because it changes his views, attitudes and ultimately his fate. Witness that here Iago doth give up Here are some examples of archetype in Shakespearean works: Lover: Romeo ("Romeo and Juliet"), Juliet ("Romeo and Juliet"), Antony ("Antony and Cleopatra") Hero: Othello ("Othello"), Hamlet . An example, is that they had to overcome a huge obstacle such as love because Othello and Desdemona were in love but her father did not approve of it. In-text citation: The character of Iago is so conducted, that he is from the first scene to the last hated and despised. Let us know! By the end of the play, he has brought down his world around him with the relentless force that made him a great general turned inward, destroying both what he loved best in another and in himself. BASIC PREMISES OF ARCHETYPAL THEORY: 1. She does not fight back nor call for help, Desdemona begs for her life asking to Kill me (Desdemona) tomorrow; let me live tonight! (V.ii.97). Posted on . Uncover new sources by reviewing other students' references and bibliographies, Inspire new perspectives and arguments (or counterarguments) to address in your own essay. 125-126). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. In archetypal criticism, under the reductive method of analysis, a critic, while elucidating a text, moves from the particular truth to the general truth. That Cassios not alive. Critical approaches to Othello | The British Library Richer than all his tribe. The archetypal characteris a simple character template recognizable to all readers. His works range from ingenious poems, such as Fear No More, to plays, such as The Tragedy of Othello. This juxtaposition between Othello's transparency and Iago's duality identifies him as a sympathetic character despite his actions. Two publishing events at the beginning of the 1990s in the United States may signal the coming of age of this kind of archetypal criticism through its convergence with postmodern critical thought, along with a commensurate insistence on its roots in the depth psychology of Jung: the reissue of Morris Philipsons 1963 Outline of a Jungian Aesthetic and the appearance of Karin Barnaby and Pellegrino DAcerinos multidisciplinary, multicultural collection of essays, C. G. Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture. Despite this, Desdemona continued to stay true to Othello. A storm has dispersed the Venetian fleet so that Cassio arrives first, anxious for Othello's safety. After Othello was convinced that Desdemona was cheating on him, Othello had started to show his disappointment with her. What is a tragic hero and why is Othello considered one? Due to the Moor, my lord. Othello makes an error in judgement, which leads to his change in fortune, and later realizes that his actions are what caused said change in fortune. Othello is a tragedy plan written by William Shakespeare. must concern itself with the archetypal, the universal, with that which is necessarily larger, more extreme than in life. Archetypal criticism, then, construed as that derived from Jungs theory and practice of archetypal (analytical) psychology, is a fledgling and much misconstrued field of inquiry with significant but still unrealized potential for the study of literature and of aesthetics in general. Othello demonstrates all of these characteristics in the play, proving him to be a tragic hero. Othello: A Survey of Criticism :: Internet Shakespeare Editions - UVic.ca As Hillman puts it, Corbins insight that Jungs mundus archetypalis is also the mundus imaginalis that corresponds to the Islamic alam al-mithl (3) was an early move toward a reappraisal of psychology itself as an activity of poesis (24). I know not ift be true; But I, for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety (2.1. Iago tries to prove Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio which increases Othello's torments of jealousy. An archetypal critic would also say that the recurring patterns in literature prove that there are universal Mythological critics compare one work to others with similar story . For the onlookers on stage, the final tableau of the dead Desdemona and Othello poisons sight and provokes the command to Let it be hid. The witnesses on stage cannot compute rationally what has occurred nor why, but the audience has been given a privileged view of the battle between good and evil worked out in the private recesses of a bedroom and a human soul. As the story unfolds Othellos character evolves in an extremely tragic way as Iago manipulates him and leaves him to rot in his misery. They're not intended to be submitted as your own work, so we don't waste time removing every error. archetypal criticism in othello He is a character of high stature that is destroyed by his surroundings, his own actions, and his fate. Finally, Othello arrives giving him the opportunity to renew his marriage vows to Desdemona: It gives me wonder great as my content Following his anatomizing of the painfully introspective intellectual Hamlet, Shakespeare, at the height of his ability to probe human nature and to dramatize it in action and language, treats Hamlets temperamental oppositethe man of action. CYC3000_GettingtoKnowDisabilityJustice_Week 2.docx - Child Archetypal Myth Criticism Paper - 337 Words - Internet Public Library The Moor is eventually captured, tortured, and slain by Disdemonas relatives, while the ensign dies during torture for another crime. Her Jungian Approach to Literature attempts to cover the Finnish epic The Kalevala, the Persian Atars The Conference of the Birds, and texts by Euripides, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Michel de Montaigne, Pierre Corneille, Goethe, Novalis, Rabbi ben Simhah Nachman, and W. B. Yeats. Mythological literary critics look for archetypes, characters and/or symbols with traits that are seen throughout literature regardless of time or place. As in a typical Shakespearean comedy, love, tested, triumphs over all opposition. Aristotles theory is not the final word on tragedy, however it can support in pinpointing the pivotal traits in. Essays and criticism on William Shakespeare's Othello - Criticism . Othello: Themes | SparkNotes This last text explicitly named the movement and demonstrated its appropriation of archetypal theory for feminist ends in aesthetics, analysis, art, and religion, as well as in literature. Archetypal criticism is a literary approach that analyzes works of literature based on the idea that there are universal, timeless patterns and themes that recur across all cultures and throughout history. Historical is basically know the background story before you making assumptions off the text, and to better understand text lookup time period close to the time like 1600's . After Othello returns from war at sea with the Turks, his fortune begins a downward spiral. For Cassirer, reason alone cannot lead to truth, but mythical thinking which focuses on immediate experience is essential. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. Literature in English: Archetypal Criticism - Blogger Othello relies easily on Iago to believe without being thought deeply. Othello falls in love with Desdemona and they secretly marry; later, he leaves to Cyprus to stop the Turks. edmonton oilers jokes archetypal criticism in othello archetypal criticism in othello. Is Othello or Hamlet better? Feminist archetypal theory, proceeding inductively, restored Jungs original emphasis on the fluid, dynamic nature of the archetype, drawing on earlier feminist theory as well as the work of Jungian Erich Neumann to reject absolutist, ahistorical, essentialist, and transcendentalist misinterpretations. The critical annotations are astute and, given their brevity, surprisingly thorough and suggestive. The first systematic application of Jungs ideas to literature was made in 1934 by Maud Bodkin in Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: An attempt is here made to bring psychological analysis and reflection to bear upon the imaginative experience communicated by great poetry, and to examine those forms or patterns in which the universal forces of our nature there find objectification (vii). So much I challenge that I may profess "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." The execution of his wit, hands, heart His expression of his jealousy quickly devolves from the conventional"Farewell the tranquil mind"to the absurd: Farewell the plum'd troops and the big wars. As scholar Edward Pechter has argued, During the past twenty-five years or so, Othello has become the Shakespearean tragedy of choice, replacing King Lear in the way Lear had earlier replaced Hamlet as the play that speaks most directly and powerfully to current interests.. Archetypal criticism is a type of literary criticismexamining the presence of archetypal characters within a piece of literature. Van Meurs also does a service by resurrecting successful but neglected early studies, such as Elizabeth Drews of T. S. Eliot (1949), and discovering value even in reductionist and impressionistic studies, such as June Singers of Blake. Othello's Integrity One of Othello's admirable qualities is that he believes that men should be transparent and honest as he is; "Certain, men should be what they seem" (Act 3 Scene 3 Line 134). What makes Othello so unique structurally (and painful to witness) is that it is a tragedy built on a comic foundation. Human emotions have a lot of power over how we react to situations in life, the trick is learning how to not let them take over. Twere now to be most happy, for I fear archetypal criticism in othello Shakespeare's play, Othello, the Moor of Venice, is a powerful example of a tragedy and its main character, Othello, is an excellent illustration of what Aristotle constitutes as a tragic hero. Check out our Privacy and Content Sharing policies for more information.). A few names form a core of writers in English (including many Canadians)Martin Bickman, Albert Gelpi, Elliott Gose, Evelyn Hinz, Henry Murray, Barton L. St. Armand, Harold Schechter, and William Stein though no single figure has attracted the attention of academic literary specialists, and no persistent commonalities fuse into a recognizable school critics who draw on Jungs theories. Sign up OTHELLO: My name, that was as fresh. Archetypal Criticism Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. Othello is a Moorish (African) general in the Venetian army and an eloquent storyteller who is respected, but often treated as an outsider. Each literary theory will examine the text through different lenses, resulting in different interpretations. Emilia comes into the couples bedroom after Othello smothers Desdemona, but hears Desdemona cry out. Archetypal criticism proceeds from the initial assumption that every work of literature can be categorized and fitted into a large framework that encompasses all literature. 364-367). archetypal criticism in othelloboone county wv obituaries. The example essays in Kibin's library were written by real students for real classes. Iago leads Othello to suspect that love and devotion are shams disguising the basest of animalistic instincts. He turns to Iago, who has been brought before him to know the reason for his actions. His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the characters surrounding him. For the fair devil. And despite frequently perceptive readings, the work is marred by the characteristic limitless expansionism and psychological utilitarianism of her interpretive scheme. He interprets literature in the light of various rituals and myths. OTHELLO: Iago critics. By the end of the play, he has brought down his world around him with the relentless force that made him a great general turned inward, destroying both what he loved best in another and in himself. Discuss The Archetypes Of The Tragedy In Othello | 123 Help Me An archetype is recurrent. Egypt) and titles (e.g. Nor set down aught in malice. This article, then, treats the only form of literary theory and criticism consistent with and derived directly from the psychological principles advanced by Jung. The moment he showed violence towards Desdemona, the audience lost interest in comforting Othello. The three fundamental qualities of an archetype are: An archetype is a preconscious, instinctual expression of man's basic nature. However, as the play progresses, jealousy clamps down his mind, and his decisions are colored with jealousy that Desdemona is betraying him, leading him to kill her and take his own life. . Thus Jungian theory provided no clear avenue of access for those outside of psychology, and orthodox Jungians were left with little in the way of models for the psychological analysis of literature. Frye frequently acknowledged his debt to Jung, accepted some of Jungs specifically named archetypes persona and anima and counsellor and shadow and referred to his theory as Jungian criticism (Anatomy 291), a practice subsequently followed in some hand books of literary terms and histories of literary criticism, including one edited by Frye himself, which obscured crucial differences and contributed to the confusion in terminology reigning today. PPT - Archetypal Criticism PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotle's requirements. Othello sends Emilia outside to guard the door. And new theories increasingly give credence to the requirement, historically asserted by Jungian readers, that each text elicit a personal, affective, and not merely intellectual response. This does not stop her, though, from continuing to care for Othello. "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." Literary Critics on Othello. His demise was of his own doing. ("Literary Criticism.") However, in William Shakespeare's Othello, Emilia's character portrays three completely different archetypes and they all come through in strategical places. After the. FREE Archetype Essay Essay - Example Essays This recurring idea of an evil witch is extremely common and archetypal. Free Feminist On Othello Essays and Papers | 123 Help Me I am hitherto your daughter. Kibin, 2023, www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX. Othello is characterized by his plainspoken read analysis of Othello Iago Othello's disloyal standard-bearer and the villain of the play. Using an archetypal literary criticism, Harry Potter can be analyzed by focusing on different archetypes, such as, symbols, images, and character types in the text. Earnest Cassirer, a social anthropologist was an important influence on myth criticism. He notes that Singers Unholy Bible: A Psychological Interpretation of William Blake (1970), though oversimplified in its psychobiographical approach and its treatment of characters as psychological projections of the author, does make original use in a literary context of such Jungian techniques of dream interpretation as amplification and of such fantasy-evoking procedures as active imagination.. Othello is a train wreck that the audience horrifyingly witnesses, helpless to prevent or look away. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX, ("An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare.
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