Researchers have determined that bully victims are weak in temperament (Hodges and Perry 1999; Smith and Myron-Wilson 1998), lack physical strength (Bernstein and Watson 1997; Hodges and Perry 1999; Smith and Myron-Wilson 1998), and are somehow different in terms of looks (including race), dress, or physical ability (Bernstein and Watson 1997; Fried 1997). Language arts and science, as mentioned above, are also often divided into applied and academic trajectories. Many critics of home schooling have argued that because school is such an important basis for socialization, this can only mean that children who are home schooled are going to be missing out on some very key aspects of socialization. Gender stereotypes, however, do exist in perceived competence and ability in subjects, with girls consistently indicating less confidence in their ability in science and math (see Simpkins, Davis-Deane, and Eccles 2006 for an overview). Children must learn the work ethic that goes along with school and understand the goals of learning as well as adjusting their efforts according to teacher feedback. Victims also tend to experience irritability (Sharp 1995), anxiety (Olweus 1978; Salmon and James 1998; Sharp 1995; Slee 1994), and anger and self-pity (Borg 1998). Socialization Examples Box 6.2 What Do Academic and Applied Streams Look Like? This, in turn, influenced students motivation and performance. Rules that students opposed were those that seemed pointless and arbitrary, particularly those around dress codes (Raby 2005). What kinds of peer groups existed in your high school? What is streaming? For example, in 2007 British Columbia passed a law require all schools to have codes of conduct and a zero tolerance policy toward bullying. The social learning that children undergo when they enter other social institutions, such as school. Schools become a significant social world for children to navigate. They have good self-esteem and are likely to display fewer behavior problems than do other children. Illustrate how peer groups contribute to the social identity of students. The ways school socialises a person. Socialization is a process of inheriting the customs, ethnicity and philosophies which provides them with expertise and ways which are important for the people to be a part of their own society. Sociologists have divided socialization in Six (6) groups. The first one is Primary socialization in which the Brint (1998) notes that young children, for example, may be assigned reading material that warns of the consequences of not having such virtues. Adults who were homeschool as kids are civically engaged and well adjusted. WebSocialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in a social group. Internationally, girls have also been achieving higher standardized reading scores than males since the 1990s (see Box 6.5 for discussion). In contrast, Pre-calculus mathematics is described as designed for students who will be continuing studies at the post-secondary level in fields related to mathematics and science. Socialization in the Schooling Process, 7. Summarize how students learn about gender roles in school. Peer groups can also be thought of as a form of social capital (see Chapter 2). The term became associated with school disciplinary procedures in 1994 when the Gun-Free Schools Act was passed in the United States, which required that students who possessed a firearm at school be expelled for no less than one year (Cerrone 1999). For example, the government funds public schools, which play a key role in children's socialization. WebMaster the fundamentals of SPSS with this newly updated and instructive resource The newly and thoroughly revised Second Edition of SPSS Essentials delivers a comprehensive guide for students in the social sciences who wish to learn how to use the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for the effective collection, management, and Such school environments have been found to breed delinquent behaviour and academic failure. Stanley Cohen (1972) coined the term moral panic to refer to the social phenomenon of mass attention being given to topics that appear to threaten the established social order. As well, bully victims are often targeted for being too smart (Fried 1997) or below average intelligence (Olweus 1978) and being of a lower socioeconomic background (Bernstein and Watson 1997). The OHRC also found that racial minority students were also disproportionately represented among those who had been disciplined with suspensions and expulsions under the act. So far, it has been argued that children must adapt to features of school that are much different from their family environments. Clubs, Fraternities, and Sororities. These preferred styles reflect normative cultural values about what is valued cultural knowledge. The Safe Schools Act changed the policy to one of mandatory suspensions and expulsions and police involvement for particular rule infractions, provided that mitigating factors were taken into account. Homeschool Socialization: How to Keep Your Child Connected The influence of social capital, however, does not always work in a manner than enhances academic achievement and prosocial behaviours. The styles were adopted by girls largely based on race, with White girls sporting the Britney look and the Asian and Hispanic girls wearing JLo styles. Theories in the Sociology of Education, 3. The most frequently mentioned motivations were the desire to bond the family through a common educational pursuit, objections to the organization of schools, and a desire to personally enrich the curriculum. Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplish two main goals. School climate refers to the sense of belonging to a school community. The socialization of students through the use of school rules, including dress codes and uniforms, was also addressed. Describe how school rules, codes of conduct, and dress codes impact on the socialization of students. School as an Agent of Socialization - 570 Words | Essay Example As noted in an official Alberta Education document: Whether they are conscious of it or not, schools are involved in teaching cultural and societal mores and values and in shaping students ideas about what constitutes good behaviour (Alberta Education 2005:1). Rather than committing acts of physical violence toward each other, girls are much more likely to participate in covert acts of aggression such as spreading rumours and excluding individuals from their social group. Agents of Socialization: Family, Schools, Peers and Media Home schooling advocates have argued that one reason might be that the school-based peer group is unnatural and that home schooling exposes young people to a wider variety of age groups, which makes them more socially mature (Smedley 1992). The staff keep track of who is earning the bears, and perhaps more importantly, who is not. Students who exhibit higher academic aptitude are put with similar students into advanced courses where they will be challenged. In this chapter, the complex role of socialization within schools was introduced. What are Brints three zones of socialization? Home schooled children typically follow the curriculum of their province of residence. Peer-rejected children, however, are not only aggressive children. Similarly, students who attend private schools can be conceptualized as having been streamed into elite classes that tend to reproduce social stratification in society. The previous chapter discussed curriculum and how the content of schooling is closely associated with the social construction of what various groups (teachers, school administrators, parents) think children should be taught. Goths, skaters, punks, headbangers, and emos are all names given to groups that have been found within adolescent peer groups in schools, all of which are oriented around particular tastes in music and fashion. As well, children who cannot engage themselves with the material being taught in the classroom may turn to disruption of peers due to boredom and frustration. Socializing This is the complete list of articles we have written about socializing. A possible reason for this is that teachers may talk in staff meetings about students whom they perceive as problematic, which may influence future teachers interactions with those students. The alternative peer groups found in most middle and secondary schools can also be thought of as a form of youth resistance. Similar to peer victimized children, peer rejection may occur simply because a child is perceived as being different in some way from other members of the peer group. During the process of cultural conformity, children learn about accepted perspectives and styles of expression. For females, clothes that reveal too much of the body are explicitly banned, while for males, styles of dress associated with hip-hop music (i.e., being able to see boxer shorts above the waistband of a males jeans) are targeted. Socialized delinquency is the violation of the law by individuals younger than 18 years that 2. Academics as a group mostly consisted of brains who did well in their studies and extracurricular activities that were academically oriented. Differentiate between the home schooled experience and outcomes of socialization with those who attend school. (2007), many social identity groups among peers are still strongly associated with socioeconomic background (i.e., the popular kids and jocks often come from the higher social classes, while the deviants come from the lower social classes). Students develop valuable knowledge and skills that will allow them to make informed decisions as they become independent citizens. Subject options are often streamed into applied or academic streams. Look on the internet for official curriculum documents about moral education in Canada. How are schools teaching morality? Students in such tracks often indicate that they are bored and that they are not engaged with the course materials (Berends 1995). Moral education is a subject taught at all cycles of school in Quebec. Plastic water bottles are banned from sale in schools in Ontario, for example, but there are no cases of students being excluded from activities for having them. Box 6.3 Zero Tolerance Policies in Canadian Schools. What kinds of resources are available on their websites? 7 & 10(Accessed March 2012). Because reading is highly associated with overall academic achievement and later-life occupational attainment, this is a problem that has tremendous sociological implications. The influence teachers exert over students in their delivery of curriculum has been addressed above and in the previous chapter. This also has the effect of creating resentment and rule breaking among students, especially when they see the rules as pointless and arbitrary. Students who have good relationships with their teacher are also likely to have better mental health, feel more connected to their school, and experience positive academic outcomes (Jennings and Greenberg 2009). Homeschooled children have stronger relationships with their parents and The school setting now begins to take on some of the roles that previously only family members fulfilledbut in markedly different ways. For example, if a child came from an absent family, or was put in a school or daycare when they were an infant or toddler, a school-like institution may influence primary socialization (Whitbeck, 1999). Social Policy in which specific code infractions result in immediate punishment, usually in the form of suspension or expulsion, and sometimes involving the police. What were the characteristics of unpopular students. Want to create or adapt books like this? They had a higher likelihood of participating in risky and illegal behaviour. They also tended to be popular. Standardized tests (discussed in Chapter 5) often exert considerable influence in allocating children into specific streams. Often such students have difficult home lives and such supports may be lacking in the home environment. As noted by Raby (2005), the language of school codes of conduct suggests that young people are seen to be incomplete, at risk, and in need of guidance, a position that legitimizes school rules and their enforcement (p. 73). All three dimensions refer to a type of conformity that identifies an ideal that students are expected to emulate. A significant part of a teachers job is to evaluate students and, often, to decide if a student is best suited for a particular ability track. Teacher education suggests that tailoring into ability groups allows for teachers to best match the learning needs of students. Beattie (2004) also did research on an alternative school in Toronto called the Corktown Community High School. According to Simmons (2002), there are rules for how good girls act, and participating in overt acts of violence does not conform to this role. So far, this chapter has described the various ways that teachers and school practices contribute to the socialization of children. There are various reasons that parents choose to home school their children. But curriculum is just one aspect. The self-fulfilling prophecyis a term coined by sociologist Robert Merton in 1948 and refers to situations in which preconceived ideas about how someone will act cause that person to act in such a way, even if the belief about that person was initially incorrect.11 Riley and Ungerleider (2008) found that pre-service Canadian teachers rated the student records of those they were led to believe were Aboriginal less favourably compared to identical student records of those identified as non-Aboriginal, suggesting that teachers do alter their perceptions of students based on fixed characteristics. Peer rejection refers to the failure of children to be socially accepted by their peers. There are many new behaviours and experiences that children must adapt to when starting school for the first time. In Canada, research using data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth has found that the social climate within schools and classrooms has important effects on children who display early signs of behavioural problems. (2010) found that in Grade 9 streaming practices in Ontario, Black African and Caribbean students were disproportionately found in the lower streams. Students academic abilities are identified early in their academic career through the grades they receive. What kinds of topics do they discuss on their websites? This bottom-up approach to decision making has proven to be a very effective one for students who, for various reasons, were not successful in the mainstream system. Primary socializationoccurs within the family and is where children first learn their own individual identity, acquire language, and develop cognitive skills. An analysis of the relationship between character and citizenship education revealed that the overarching message was to promote assimilation into Canadian society (Winton 2007).4. Socialized Delinquency. In 2001, the Ontario Ministry of Education instituted the Safe Schools Act, which was designed to address violence and behavioural problems in schools. 2. Developmental socialization This type of socialization involves a learning process wherein the focus in on developing our social skills. Increasing the homogeneity of ability within a classroom also promotes better classroom management (Barakett and Cleghorn 2008). Box 6.5 Declining Male Performance in ReadingA Moral Panic? Lamb, Bigler, Riben, and Green (2009) have also found that if teachers teach children to confront and challenge sexist stereotypes, the results can decrease gender stereotyping behaviour, particularly in girls. You can help your child work on The number of children who are home schooled is on the rise in Canada. What solutions are being offered? These behaviours, however, served only to reproduce their working-class membership. Pomerantz argues that dress codes are not simply neutral school policies; they also impact on the creation of gender, sexuality, and race. In early 2011, eight female students at a Catholic high school in Windsor, Ontario were suspended for one day and faced not being able to go to their prom because they wore yellow and blue duct tape tops to a school hockey game in December. These goals (e.g., learning to share, participating in lessons, working in groups), when embraced, also serve to integrate the child into social groups at school. A major objective of socialization in the school setting is to make a child socially competent. And the grand outcome of socialization is also theorized to be the result of how all the systems interact with one another. The role of teachers as a new authority figure in students lives was introduced earlier. Other researchers have found that school sports coaches create conformity among their players by using misogynistic and homophobic comments to criticize players (Schissel 2000), further contributing to stereotypes about what is considered appropriate male behaviour. WebSchools and Socialization into Social Class. Especially in early grades, the relationship that a child has with his or her teacher has a very important impact on emotional, social, behavioural, and academic adjustment (Pianta 1999). This is particularly striking because these differences in self-concept about abilities in math and science exist in studies even when there is no difference between the grades of males and females. The exceptions, of course, are private schools and many Catholic schools, where uniforms are traditional. Indeed, this is a problem facing a great deal of Aboriginal youth in Canada. In addition to teaching student subject matter, teachers are often regarded as being responsible for managing the emotional lives of their students (Jennings and Greenberg 2009). Finally, the question of how home schooling affects the socialization of children was addressed. Such outcomes suggest that the home schooled adults who answered the survey did not suffer from barriers due to socialization problems. Infamous acts of school violence, such as the events at Columbine High School in 1999, led to increased concern about violence in schools, which resulted in the emergence of zero tolerance policies around school codes of conduct. School administrators argued that the girls were in violation of the school dress code and that the practice had been banned by school because the duct tape outfits had become too racy in previous years.7. Positive peer group support has been found to be associated with academic success and prosocial behaviours. 2007; Sokal 2010) or other English-speaking nations (see Allan 1993; Butler and Christensen 2003; Carrington and Skelton 2003; Carrington, Tymms, and Merrell 2008; Martin 2003). Canadian researchers have examined the meanness of girls in relation to their popularity (Currie and Kelly 2006; Currie, Kelly, and Pomerantz 2007).
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