Ethnographic - (Mask, Elephant, Cape, Chicken Feather); Elephant Mask with Chicken Feather Cape, Bekom People, Cameroon. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. The Oroko (also Bareka/Batekka) are an ethnic group in Cameroon.They belong to the coastal Bantu group, widely known as Sawa, and primarily occupy the Ndian and Meme divisions of the Southwest Region of Cameroon.The people predominantly speak Oroko, English, and Cameroon Pidgin English.The Oroko are related to several ethnic groups (or tribes) in Cameroon's coastal areas, with whom they share . Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. The Efik people are well known for a diverse number of cuisines. Ekpe - Wikipedia The Ekpo society uses black masks, often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws, to maintain social order and propitiate the ancestors; some of these masks represent disease and deformity. Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. PDF Evaluating the Place of the Ekpe Traditional Institution as a - CORE These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. (PDF) Evaluating the Place of the Ekpe Traditional Institution as a Proponents of this theory range from missionaries, explorers, colonial anthropologists and later historians. Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Nair dates the arrival of the Efik towards the end of the seventeenth century or the beginning of the eighteenth century. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. Nigeria and Cameroon (Lebialem and Manyu), Ekpe Society Resolutions from meeting held on September 16th 2011 in DC, Auto-Biography of Sisiku Emmanuel Ojong-Orock, Leader of Cameroonian Ekpe Lodge in Metropolitan DC. Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba - AfroCubaWeb Flashlight on drama & film : a drama for situation analysis guide Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. The traditional institution of manyu division cameroon 1990 2011 an The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. the Ekpe society. Refworld | Nigeria: A cult known as Ekpe na Mboko Objects and images in the exhibition courtesy of Dr. Eli Bentor. Efik Traditional Attires The Efik are an ethnic group - RefinedNG Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. [64] It took several years before the town was rebuilt.[64]. PDF Hood MuseuM of Art, dArtMoutH College Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. Brooklyn Museum [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. [32] The men were wet and complained of hunger and fatigue. Prior to the introduction of industrialised cubic-shaped seasonings such as maggi and know, Crayfish was used to make meals more spicy. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. [33][35] The Efik came to her defence and the dispute escalataed[34] Legend has it that this was the last straw that led to the Uruan-Efik war (known in Efik as Ek Abasi-Anwan) which led to the exit of the Efik from the Uruan country. . [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. The nsibidi may convey meaning either singularly or in groups, and each sign may be figurative, geometric, or abstract, or may represent a physical object, concept, or narrative. ,sister Watz. Origin and Early History of The Ibibio People of Nigeria Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. by Web Services Editor. The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. Hood Quarterly, spring 2015 This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. [59] According to Rev. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world The Ekpe Masquerade - SlideShare To cast light on African perspectives, and on the point of view of enslaved men and women, this group of top Africanist scholars has examined both conventional historical sources (e.g., European. nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. According to him . Why do you think it is important for us to understand our past? [22] This is further proven by Talbot who proves that other ethnicities appended the name "Eburutu" or "Oburutu" to their ethnic names. In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. PDF The decline of Ekpe masquerade amongst the Efik speakers After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. Ibibio - People in southern Nigeria - Native Breed.org Nigeria Has Never Exercised Rule Over Bakassi Even in Traditional Society [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). Also i want bomb and shell. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. In the culture we have discussed, the term dalilu refers to: an individual's personal power, knowledge, or ability, inborn but enhanced and developed through training and experience. The Neegee or Crocodile Society is considered evil by the Poro and Sande groups. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. The Ekpe society, the regulatory society in Manyu Division also fixed a heavy fine on any defaulter. The earliest documented letter to an English captain from a chief of Old Calabar was written in 1770. The Efik also manufacture a number of beverages such as Mmn Efik (Palm wine), Uffp (Native gin), Lemon grass tea (Nnyannyaa), Mmn Eyop (Eyop wine). [51] The Enwang people moved to the present site of Henshaw town.[51]. [34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. Oge ruru ka laja nyefee lasha r ya ma gaa rwa r e nyere ya ebe z. In Cuba, the Ekoi are always evoked as early founders of the Abaku society,18 and their spirits are worshiped. Have you ever thought about starting a secret society? a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. [47], By the seventeenth century, more Efik settlements had been founded. Essentially the leopard is a sign of royalty all over Central West Africa and the Calabar zone, and it's a symbol of their political autonomy. ekpe society cameroon - AllInsuranceInfo.org Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. [42] K.K. Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. [36] PDF Symbolic values of clothing and textiles art in traditional and Opinions expressed belong solely to the author and do not represent the views of other Members, Management, or the Community at large. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. [72] The Ekpe-men are ranked in seven or nine grades, for promotion to each of which fresh initiation ceremonies, fees and oaths are necessary.[1]. Cameroon-Nigeria Relations, 1884-1961: A Study in Political, Economic and Social Interactions Between Two Nigerian Neighbouring States. Click to expose navigation links on mobile. Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. While some explorers describe the Efik as travellers who past through the Ibibio country, others assert that the Efik are of Ibibio stock. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. Mr. . I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. The ekpo masquerade, occurring to the south and east of Benin, is performed by the warrior age group in ceremonies to purify the village ritually and to maintain health. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society orig Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. The Ogboni fraternity is said to have a strong affiliation to royalty, gerontological system of governance and the law enforcement of the community. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade: Volume 1, The Sources [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? This is UKARA cloth used by the Ekpe society in a handful of places in Nigeria, Cameroon The symbols are nisbidi You even scanned the raffia marks left from resist dyeing I hope you won't sue the owners in future! It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. [9] The Efik have also been referred to as "Calabar people" in historical literature. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. Posted on March 01, 2015 I Am Niki Buroro Agbor Ekpe Jerome a holder of a professional Masters in Forestry and wildlife Engineering with focus on Protected Area Management, Masters of Science in Forest Governance and policies from University of Dschang and Professional Masters in Environmental Science (ESIA) university of Yaounde 1. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. "[29] Essien's criticism is supported by the fact that in some Efik trado-religious songs, Atakpor Uruan is greatly extolled. . Each grade has a chieftain or an Obong. Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. I hope some Man-of-War come sometime with proper captain all same you look out and help we keep word when French Man-of-War come. For instance any member wronged in an Ekpe district, that is one dominated by the society, has only to address an Ekpe-man or beat the Ekpe drum in the Ekpe-house, or blow Ekpe as it is called, i.e., sound the Ekpe horn, before the hut of the wrong-doer, and the whole machinery of the society is put in force to see justice done. I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. Sample Translation: The Sacred Language of the Abaku - JSTOR The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. History of the Ekpe masquerade and secret society of the Efik people Hall Fund. Nsibidi/Ekpuk Philosophy and Mysticism - Academia.edu [27] A number of reasons have been given on why the Efik left Uruan. Names such as Okon became Hogan, Orok became Duke, Akabom became Cobham, Ene became Henry, Asibong became Archibong. [44][52] Aye uses Adiaha Etim Anwa's ballad as one of the basis for his hypothesis. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . Ekpe society | African secret society | Britannica Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. The Freemasonry's affiliation to the Imhotep is clearly evident and this is probably why they are accused of several conspiracy theories, since their objective is geared towards the restructuring and controlling of global affairs.
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